Basic Computer Engineering BT:-205 Unit 1 Handwritten notes

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Computer:

-Definition: A computer is an electronic device that processes data and performs tasks according to a set of instructions.

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- Classification:
   Analog Computers: Process continuous data.
   Digital Computers: Process discrete data.
   Hybrid Computers: Combine features of both analog and digital computers.

- Organization:
  CPU (Central Processing Unit): Executes instructions and performs calculations.
  Registers: Small, fast storage locations within the CPU.
   Bus Architecture: Communication pathways connecting components.
   Instruction Set: Set of operations a CPU can perform.

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  Memory & Storage Systems:
  Primary Memory (RAM): Temporary storage for data and instructions.
   Secondary Storage (Hard Drives, SSDs): Long-term storage for data and programs.

-I/O Devices:
  Input Devices: Receive data (e.g., keyboard, mouse).
  Output Devices: Present results (e.g., monitor, printer).

-System & Application Software:
   System Software: Manages hardware resources (e.g., operating systems).
   Application Software: Performs specific tasks (e.g., word processors, games).

-Computer Applications:
  - In e-Business, Bio-Informatics, Health Care, Remote Sensing & GIS, Meteorology, Climatology, Computer Gaming, Multimedia, and Animation.

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Operating System:

Definition: Software that manages hardware and provides services for computer programs.

- Function:
   Resource Management: Allocates CPU, memory, and I/O devices.
   User Interface: Provides a means for user interaction.
   File Management: Organizes and stores data on storage devices.

- Types:
   Single User: One user at a time.
   Multi-User: Multiple users concurrently.
   Batch Processing: Executes tasks without user interaction.
   Real-time: Responds immediately to user inputs.

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-Management of File, Process & Memory:
  File Management: Organizing, storing, and retrieving data.
  Process Management: Handling multiple tasks simultaneously.
  Memory Management: Allocating and deallocating memory space.

-Introduction to MS Word, MS PowerPoint, MS Excel:
  MS Word: Word processing application for creating documents.
  MS PowerPoint: Presentation software for creating slideshows.
  MS Excel: Spreadsheet software for data analysis and visualization.

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